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The emergence of the Kuomintang (KMT) in China can be traced to the late Qing dynasty, a period marked by internal weakness and foreign aggression. By the mid-19th century, China faced a series of humiliations, including the Opium Wars, the unequal treaties imposed by Western powers, and domestic uprisings such as the Taiping Rebellion. These crises exposed the inability of the Qing government to modernize or defend the nation, creating an environment ripe for reformist and revolutionary ideas. Intellectuals and reformers began seeking ways to strengthen China, and revolutionary societies started forming with the aim of overthrowing the imperial system. The political ideology and organizational foundation of the Kuomintang were largely shaped by Sun Yat-sen, who is considered the father of modern China. Sun studied Western political thought and revolutionary movements, particularly influenced by nationalism, democracy, and the principle of livelihood, which he later codified as ___ _____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____.
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