Write a note on aquaculture and poultry. How will you integrate these two enterprises in alternative agriculture?

Poultry wastes and byproducts can provide the feed support of aquaculture across a range of intensities. Poultry wastes may act mainly (1) indirectly or (2) directly to support fish production.

Poultry manure can be used fresh, or after processing, to enhance natural food production in sun-lit tropical ponds. Although some nutrition may be derived directly from the waste, natural feed produced on the nutrients released from the wastes is more important. Fish feeding low in the food web - the carps and tilapias benefit most from this type of management since they can utilise plankton, benthic and detrital food organisms effectively.

Several factors affect the level of waste loading and standing stock of fish that can be supported. Greater sensitivity to dissolved oxygen limits carps to standing stocks of <3 MT/ha whereas tilapias may be harvested at standing stocks of over 5 MT/ha. Water quality, particularly the level of dissolved oxygen in the early morning, therefore limit the amount of wastes that can used. Input levels in excess of 75 kg DM/ha/ day typically 'overload' the system over a typical fish culture cycle (4-8 months), causing early morning deficits of oxygen. Balancing the production of wastes from poultry and the requirement of the fishpond is a key aspect of management.

The quality of poultry wastes used in fish culture varies greatly. High levels of spilt feed, for example, increase direct feeding value. Nutrient composition may be a __________ ________ __________ ______ _______ _______ _____ ___ ___ _______.
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