Read the following passage and answer the given questions.
‘A great mass’ of something means a great amount. When the new method of
manufacturing articles in great numbers was introduced, a new name was wanted for it and
‘Mass production’ was the one that came into use.
In what ways does mass production differ from the older methods of manufacture?
Formerly a craftsman, or skilled workman, often made the whole of an article himself by
hand. He put into his work all his skill, all his experience. He was proud of the fruits of
his labour. His reputation, his standing among his fellows, depended on his skill and on
his character. He would have been ashamed if any serious fault had appeared in his work.
He was envied and admired by fellow-craftsmen whose skill was not equal to his own.
Articles made in this way could not be mass-produced. Each article differed slightly from
the others; in every one there was something of the maker’s individuality. The finished
article was sold at a high price, the price representing the time and the skill of the
craftsman who had made it.
Many such articles, made long ago with loving care, possess a quality and a beauty that
mass-produced goods cannot equal. The wonderful pottery of ancient China, the lovely
carpets of Persia, the engraved sword of Damascus, the silver-ware of the Middle Ages _
all these things show the individual craftsmanship of their long-dead makers.
These articles were made for the rich and for those who were moderately well off. The
poorer classes could not hope to possess works of art. Their household utensils, their
clothes and their farm tools were roughly and cheaply made, though very practical in
serving the purposes for which they were designed. [Mass Production by G. C. Thornley]
a) How did the term ‘mass production’ come into use? 
b) Why are handmade articles dearer than mass-produced goods? 
c) Enumerate the qualities of a craftsman in older times. 
d) Give a suitable title to the passage. 

Change the following sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.
i) The passenger said, “Will you leave the compartment immediately?”
ii) Gandhi said, “Haven’t I the right to travel first class?”
iii) The constable said, “Don’t you understand simple instructions?”
iv) Gandhi said, “Shall I not try to root out the disease of colour prejudice?”
v) The general manager said, “Hasn’t justice been given to you?”
vi) The merchants said, “Isn’t this injustice to be treated badly?”
vii) Gandhi said, “Can’t we lodge a strong protest?”
viii) The official said, “Don’t you know this is a different country?”
ix) The official said, “Do you want me to throw you out?”
x) The official said, “Shall I call the police?”

Write a report in about 250 words on ‘Gender Discrimination’ that is still prevalent in our societies.

Use the following words in sentences of your own.
 a) Pottery
 b) Envied
 c) Individuality
 d) Mass-produced
 e) Engraved

Rewrite these sentences using the correct form of the verb given in brackets. 
i) Did you remember (lock) the safe.
ii) Rita hoped (get) a bucket of clean water.
iii) The boss refused (accept) my resignation.
iv) Usha hopes (draw) your portrait before the end of this month.
v) My sister’s afraid of heights. She refused (go) rock climbing.
vi) My American friend invited me (spend) my summer holidays with her.
vii) The air hostess asked the passengers (fasten) their seat belts.
viii) The women had come (draw) water from the well.
ix) They arranged (meet) after office hours.
x) The Sherpa warned the mountaineers not (smoke) while using oxygen
masks.

Write a dialogue between a student wishing to seek admission in IGNOU and an Admission Help Desk Incharge. (250-300 words). 

Draft a biographical sketch of your favourite sportsperson in about 250 words.