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The Shungas and the Kushanas occupy an important place in the political, social, religious, economic, and cultural history of ancient India. Though they belonged to different regions and periods, both dynasties played a significant role in shaping the transition from the post-Mauryan era to the early historical period. The Shungas preserved political authority in northern India after the decline of the Mauryan Empire, while the Kushanas established a vast trans-regional empire that connected India with Central Asia and the Mediterranean world. The Shunga dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra Shunga around 185 B.C. after he overthrew the last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, during a military parade. Pushyamitra, who had served as the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan army, established his rule over Magadha with Pataliputra as one of the principal centres. The rise of the Shungas marked the end of the Mauryan Empire and the beginning of a period characterized by regional kingdoms. The political authority of the Shungas extended over parts of present-day Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and eastern India, although their control was not as extensive as that of the Mauryas. Their administration retained several features of the Mauryan system but functioned with greater regional autonomy. Local rulers and feudatories exercised considerable influence under the Shungas. Pushyamitra Shunga is best known for defending northern India against foreign invasions. During his reign, the Indo-Greeks _________ ______ ____ ____ ___ _________ _________ __________ ________.
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