What were the main features of the administrative organization of the Mauryas? 

Or

 What were the factors which led to the rise of Magadha? 

Mauryans were the first to build a pan-Indian empire. For the first time in South Asia,political unity,military security and a uniform administrative system allowed for a common economic system and enhanced trade and commerce,with increased agricultural productivity. When Chandragupta Maurya and Chankya gave emphasis to the centralized administration and statecraft,Ashoka gave emphasis to creating a welfare state.

Chanakya's Arthashastra, Megasthanes's Indica, Ashoka's inscriptions and various other Greek texts gives detailed description of Mauryan administrative system.

Central Government

Centralized government was the key feature of the Mauryan government. All the powers were concentrated in the hands of the emperor. Though he was the supreme authority of judiciary,civil and military administration,he wasn’t a complete autocrat and his authority was under some restraints. He had follow some traditions when ruling. He had to take advice from his council of ministers in all matters. The objective of the emperor was to achieve the welfare of his citizens and also embolden the empire and project its power inside and outside of its border. The Mauryan emeperors didn’t believe that they were the representatives of god. They also didn’t believe that their authority was derived by the god.

Ministers

In his work Arthashastra,Chanakya says

If the state is a chariot,then the king and his council of ministers is like two wheels of that chariot. A chariot cannot move with single wheel. He needs the assistance of the ministers.

According to Chanakya,king was one of the 7 branches of the state. The other 6 branches are

• Minister.
• Treasury.
• Army.
• Land.
• Fort.
• Neighbouring state.
• Council of Ministers(Mantri Parishad)

A council of ministers existed in Mauryan empire. The prominent members were.

• Prime Minister.
• Head Priest(Purohita).
• Chief of the armed forces.
• Crowned Prince.
• The members of this council were paid 12,000 panas per year. It consisted of 3 to 12 members.
• Bureaucracy

Mauryans had a systematic bureaucarcy to look after their vast empire. They recruited bureaucrats on the basis of ability and irrespective of caste,religion or sect. The king had appointed many bureaucrats to maintain different departments of the government such as treasury,government mint,commerce,finance,revenue,excise,agriculture,toll,accountance,industry,armoury,transport,mining,weights and measurement,public work and records maintenance. The chiefs __________ _____ _____ ____ _______ __________ ____ _______.
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