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The Mughal administration was a highly centralized, hierarchical and bureaucratic system that combined Islamic political traditions, Central Asian-Turkic practices and several indigenous Indian administrative institutions. It developed gradually from the reign of Babur and became more organized under Akbar. The Mughal rulers sought to establish a strong imperial authority over a vast and diverse territory, while allowing considerable space to local customs, zamindars and existing social institutions. The nature of Mughal administration can therefore be understood as a centralized imperial system supported by a graded nobility, a sophisticated revenue structure, military organization and provincial administration. The emperor occupied the centre of the entire administrative structure. Mughal political theory regarded the emperor as the supreme source of political authority, justice and military power. His authority was theoretically extensive, although in practice it was influenced by nobles, military commanders, provincial officials, religious groups, zamindars and local political forces. The emperor appointed and dismissed officials, granted mansabs and jagirs, supervised revenue administration, commanded the armed forces and exercised judicial authority. Under Akbar, imperial authority was strengthened through regular administrative institutions and direct supervision. The emperor also maintained a close relationship with the nobility through the distribution of offices and jagirs. The Mughal administration was characterized by a centralized bureaucracy. The central government consisted of several important departments headed by high-ranking officials. The Wazir or Diwan-i-Ala was primarily responsible for financial administration and __________ __________ _____ ________ ________ ___ ____ _____ ______ ________.
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