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Radiation measurement is an important part of understanding radiological and nuclear hazards within the CBRNE framework. CBRNE stands for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive threats. In radiological and nuclear incidents, different units are used to describe the amount of radiation absorbed by a material or person and the potential biological effect of that radiation. The four terms rad, rem, gray (Gy), and sievert (Sv) are closely related, but they do not measure exactly the same thing. Rad and gray primarily describe absorbed radiation dose, whereas rem and sievert are used to express the biological effect or health risk associated with radiation exposure. The rad is an older unit of absorbed radiation dose. The term rad originally referred to “radiation absorbed dose.” It measures the amount of ionizing radiation energy absorbed by a material per unit mass. One rad is equal to the absorption of 100 ergs of radiation energy per gram of material. In modern SI units, absorbed dose is expressed in gray. The relationship between the two is straightforward: 1 gray equals 100 rad, and 1 rad equals 0.01 gray, or 10 milligray (mGy). Thus, if a person or an object absorbs a dose ___ _____ ________ __________ ______ _______ _________ _______ ________.
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