Word Count : 1248

---

Continuous exposure to a high concentration of hydrocarbon fumes in a poorly managed petrochemical factory can produce significant toxic effects even before an explosion occurs. When the accumulated vapour ignites, the workers may be exposed simultaneously to intense heat, flame, smoke, incompletely combusted hydrocarbons, and other toxic products of combustion. From a CBRNE and hazardous-materials perspective, this represents a combined chemical, thermal and inhalational injury. The eyes and respiratory system are particularly vulnerable because they are directly exposed to the contaminated atmosphere. In the eyes, the first pathological event during a hydrocarbon-vapour fire is usually thermal injury to the exposed ocular surface. The eyelids may undergo painful erythema and superficial or deeper burns. Reflex closure of the eyelids provides some protection, but intense heat can still injure the conjunctiva and cornea. The conjunctival vessels become congested, producing marked redness, while conjunctival edema or chemosis may develop. Severe exposure can cause epithelial damage to the cornea, producing a corneal abrasion or epithelial defect. The patient may complain of severe pain, burning, foreign-body sensation, photophobia and excessive watering. The corneal epithelium is particularly sensitive to direct thermal and chemical irritation. Hydrocarbon fumes and combustion products may disturb the tear film and damage epithelial cells. More severe injury can involve the deeper corneal layers, causing stromal edema, haze and loss of transparency. In extensive burns, limbal epithelial stem cells may be damaged. Limbal ischemia is an important sign of severe ocular surface injury because it may interfere with normal corneal regeneration and lead to persistent epithelial defects, scarring and vascularization. In extreme cases, ulceration, thinning or perforation of the cornea can occur. The ocular injury may also involve the anterior chamber. Severe inflammation can produce cells and flare, while increased intraocular pressure may occasionally occur. Eyelid burns can cause swelling that prevents adequate examination of the globe. Foreign particles, soot or particulate matter may become ____ _________ ___ _____ ___ ________ ________ __________ ______ ___.
__________ _____ ____ ________ __________ ____ ________ __________ ____ __________ __________ ______.
__________ ______ ___ _______ _______ ____ __________ _________ ______ _____.
_______ _______ __________ __________ ______ _______ ___ __________ ___ __________.
______ _____ _________ ___ ________ __________.
____ _______ _____ _______ _______ _________ _____ __________.
________ __________ _________ ______ _________ ____.
_______ ___ ____ ________ _________ _________ _______ __________ ________ _______.
________ _______ _____ _________ _____ _____ _____ ________ __________.
_______ _______ _________ ___ __________ ____ _______.
________ ________ _____ ________ _________ __________ _________ _________ _________ _____ ___.
____ ________ __________ _______ _____ _____ ____ ______ _______.
_________ _________ _______ ___ ____ ________ ___ _________ __________ __________.
_________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ______ __________ ___ ___.
_________ ______ _____ ___ ___ _________ ________ __________ _________.
_____ __________ ________ __________ ___ ______ ____ _______ _______ __________ __________.
________ __________ __________ _________ ________ ____ ______ ______ _____ _______ ___ _______.
______ ___ __________ ____ _____ __________ ___ _______ _________.
_________ ____ _____ _________ ____.
__________ _____ ____ ________ ______ ______.
______ _____ __________ ______ ________.
____ ________ ________ ____ ______ _______ _______.
_____ ___ _______ ________ ____ ____ __________ ____ _____ ________ ______ ____.
_____ ______ ________ ___ ________ __________.
___ _____ ______ _______ _________ _________ _________ ___ _______ _________ _______.
________ ______ ____ ______ ______ _______ ____.
_____ _________ _________ _______ _______ ______.
___ ___ ___ ___ _______ _________ ________ ___ _______ _____.
____ _________ __________ ________ ______ __________ ______ ___ _____ ___.
_____ ____ _____ ____ __________ ___ ______ ____ ___.
_________ ___ ______ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____.
__________ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ ___ _______.
__________ _______ ______ ___ _____ _______ ____ _________.
_________ _______ _________ _________ ______ ______ ____.
_________ _________ ______ _________ ________ __________ ______ _______ __________ ____ ________.
______ ____ _______ _________ __________ _________ ________ ___ ________ ________.
____ ________ ______ _____ _____ _________ ______ _________ ___ ___ __________.
_____ _______ _____ __________ _____ ___ ____ __________.
__________ ________ ____ ________ _____ ______ __________ ____.
_____ ________ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ________ __________ _____ __________.
____ _____ _______ _________ _________ _________ _____ ___ ______ ______ _______.
__________ ____ __________ ________ ________ __________.
_____ ________ _______ ____ __________ _______.
_______ ____ _________ ______ _____ ___ _________ __________.
________ ___ _______ ________ ___ _______ _____ _____ __________ __________ __________.
________ ___ ____ _______ ____.
_______ _____ ____ _______ _______ _____ _____ ____ ____.
_____ ______ ____ ____ ______ _______ __________ _________.
_________ _______ _____ ________ _________ __________ __________ ________ _______ ________ ________ __________.
____ ________ _______ ________ ___ _________.
_________ _______ _________ _______ ________ ________ _________.
____ _______ ____ _____ ____ ___ __________ __________ ________ ______ _____ ________.
_________ ____ _________ ___ __________ __________ __________ _______ ____ ___ _____.
_________ ___ __________ __________ _______ _________ ___.
___ _________ _________ ________ ________ _________ __________ _____ __________ _______ ___ _______.
___ _______ _________ _____ __________ ________ __________ ___ ____ ________ ___ ____.
_____ ____ _____ _________ ___ ________ ______ _______.
____ ________ _____ ___ ______ _______ _________.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _________ _____.
___ ____ ____ ________ _________ ______ _____ _____ ___ _____ ________.
____ ___ _____ _______ ___ ___ ______ ______.
______ ________ __________ _________ ________ _____ __________ _____ _____ __________ _________.
______ _____ _______ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____ ________ ____ __________.
__________ ___ ____ ___ ________ _____ ________ _______ ______ ____.
__________ _________ ____ _______ ____ ____ _______ _____ __________ _____ __________.
________ ___ _______ _________ _________ _____ _____ ___.
____ ______ __________ ___ ______ __________ ___ _______.
______ ______ _________ _________ _____ _____ ___ ___ __________ ___.
____ _________ __________ _______ _______ _________ _____ ___ _________ _____ _____.
____ _______ ___ ___ _______ ___ ________.
______ ______ _________ ______ _________ _________ ________ __________ ____ __________ ________.
______ _______ ________ ________ _________.
_________ ____ ________ _______ _____ _________ __________ ____ ______ _______ _______.
_____ ____ _________ _______ ___.
__________ _______ ________ ___ _______ ______ ________ _________.
_____ ______ ____ _________ ________ _____ _____ _________.
_________ _____ ________ __________ __________ _________ ________ _________ _______ ____.
_______ ______ _______ _________ _________ ____ ___ __________ _______ ___ _______ ______.
_______ __________ _______ ______ __________ __________ ___ __________.
_______ ___ _____ ______ __________.
_________ ______ _____ ___ ________ _________ ___ _________ ____.
__________ ____ ___ _________ ___ ________.
________ _______ _____ ____ ____ ________.
_______ _____ ________ ___ _________.
______ _______ ______ ___ _______ _________ _________ ____ __________ ________.
___ __________ _____ ______ ________ ___.
____ _______ _________ ____ ____ _______ ______.
___ ________ _____ ________ ____.
________ _________ ___ ___ __________ __________.
________ _____ _______ ____ ___ _____ ____.
________ __________ ____ _____ ________.
_________ _____ _______ _____ _____ ___ ___ ______ _________ ______ ___.
_________ ____ __________ _______ ___ _______ ______ ___ _________.
___ _______ _____ ____ ___ _______ ___.
_____ ______ _______ ___ ____ ______ _______ ______ _________ ___.
_________ ______ ____ ___ _________ _________ ____ ____ ___ ______.
_______ ________ ________ ______ _________ ___.
____ ___ __________ __________ ___.
___ _______ __________ __________ _________.
______ _______ ________ __________ ________ ________ ___ ___ _____ ______.
__________ __________ _________ ___ ______ ______.
_______ ___ _________ ____ ________ ______ ____ __________ __________.
_____ _____ _______ __________ __________ ____ ___ ______.
__________ __________ _________ ______ ______ _____.
_________ ______ ___ ____ _______ ______.
_____ _________ __________ _________ _____ ________ _______ _________ _________ ______ _______ ______.
_______ __________ ________ _______ _______ ____ ________ _________ ________ __________.
____ _______ _________ ___ ____ __________ __________.
____ ________ ________ _____ ____ _________ ________ _________ ______ __________.
_____ _____ ________ __________ __________ ________ _______ ____ ______ __________ _________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp