Question

What is the difference between cognizable and non-cognizable offence? How does the role of police differ in both types of offences vis-à-vis investigation?

20 Mar 2023
Answer :
Word Count : 1064
Criteria Cognizable Offence Non-Cognizable Offence
Definition Serious crimes where police can arrest without a warrant Less serious crimes where police cannot arrest without a warrant
Examples Murder, rape, theft, robbery, assault Defamation, public nuisance, minor assault
Police Authority Police can start an investigation without court permission Police need court permission to investigate
FIR Requirement FIR (First Information Report) is mandatory and police must file it FIR is not mandatory; a complaint is registered
Court Permission Not required for arrest and investigation Required for arrest and investigation
Severity of Punishment Severe punishments including life imprisonment, death penalty, long-term imprisonment Less severe punishments like fines, short-term imprisonment
Criminal Procedure Code Governed under Section 154 of CrPC Governed under Section 155 of CrPC
Bail Generally non-bailable Generally bailable
Impact on Society High, as they involve serious harm or threat to individuals/society Low to moderate, often involve private disputes or minor harm
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