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Reciprocal altruism is a concept in animal behavior where an individual performs an act that benefits another, with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future. Unlike kin selection, which is based on genetic relatedness, reciprocal altruism occurs between unrelated individuals and is driven by the long-term benefits of cooperation. This behavior is adaptive because it increases the survival or reproductive success of both the _____ __________ ______ _________ __________ ____ _____.
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