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Megalithic culture refers to a distinctive archaeological phenomenon characterized by the construction of large stone monuments, either as burial structures or commemorative sites, which were primarily associated with mortuary practices. The term “megalith” literally means “large stone,” and these structures were erected without the use of mortar, relying on their sheer weight and strategic placement for stability. Megalithic culture is primarily understood through the lens of archaeological anthropology, as it reflects the socio-cultural, economic, and ritual life of the communities that built them. It is widely distributed across different parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, and Asia, but in the Indian context, the focus is on the megalithic traditions of peninsular India, especially South India, which holds some of the most significant evidence of this cultural phase. The Indian megalithic tradition is generally dated between 1200 BCE to 300 CE, though some sites suggest an earlier origin during the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic periods. Megaliths in India are associated with Iron Age communities, indicating that they emerged at a time when societies were transitioning from stone-based technology to iron implements, along with a more complex social and economic organization. Archaeological anthropology relies on these material remains to understand the _________ ___ _________ ____ ___.
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