What is meant by reliability of a measuring instrument? What are the methods of determining the reliability?

The reliability of a measurement instrument is the extent to which it yields consistent, reproducible estimates of what is assumed to be an underlying true score. A current approach to estimating reliability, referred to as "generalizability theory," allows for estimating the various sources of variation in scores, including variation due to errors of measurement. Reliability can be assessed using several experimental designs. Each of these designs is suited to estimating the magnitude of particular sources of measurement error. Three of the commonly used designs are particularly relevant to determining the reliability of HRQOL instruments.

Test-retest reliability refers to the extent to which an instrument, such as an HRQOL measurement tool, consistently yields the same scores on two successive occasions if the quality of life of the individual to whom it is applied has not changed in the intervening period, or, by inference, the extent to which the measurement tool would give the same results when administered to two different individuals if their HRQOL were the same. A failure to give the same results on different occasions, when that would be _______ _____ _________ _______ _____ ___ _________ ____ ________ __________ ___.
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