What is diabetes mellitus? Discuss its laboratory tests used for diagnosis.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate glucose metabolism by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, and Type 2 diabetes, where the body becomes resistant ______ ______ _____ _____ ____ ______ ______ ______ _________.
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