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The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, commonly referred to as PESA, was enacted in 1996 to extend the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution, which deals with the system of Panchayati Raj, to the Scheduled Areas of India. These areas are predominantly inhabited by tribal communities and have historically been marginalized in terms of governance and development. PESA recognizes the traditional rights of tribal communities over their resources, decision-making processes, and self-governance mechanisms, providing them a legal framework to preserve their cultural, social, and economic autonomy. The Act empowers Gram Sabhas and Panchayats at the village level to play a decisive role in local governance, ensuring that development initiatives are culturally appropriate, participatory, and aligned with the needs of the local population. PESA is distinct from other Panchayati Raj legislation in that it explicitly acknowledges the special status of tribal areas, taking into account their customary practices, traditional institutions, and community-based decision-making systems. The Act was motivated ___ ___ ______ ________ _______ ________ _______ ______ _____.
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