What do you understand by PESA? Discuss the mandatory powers of Gram Sabha in PESA Act, 1996?

PESA (Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996): Empowering Local Governance in Tribal Areas

Introduction: The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) is a significant piece of legislation aimed at empowering local self-governance in the scheduled areas of India, particularly those inhabited by tribal communities. Enacted to address the unique socio-cultural and economic needs of these regions, PESA provides a framework for decentralized governance through Gram Sabhas (village assemblies) and Panchayats (local self-governing bodies). The Act recognizes the historical injustices faced by tribal communities and seeks to provide them with greater autonomy in managing their own affairs and resources. The central feature of PESA is the enhanced powers granted to Gram Sabhas within the scheduled areas, ensuring their active participation in decision-making processes.

Mandatory Powers of Gram Sabha in PESA Act, 1996:

1. Ownership of Minor Forest Produce (MFP): One of the critical provisions of PESA is the recognition of the Gram Sabha's ownership over minor forest produce. This includes non-timber forest products such as herbs, fruits, nuts, and other resources derived from the forests. The Act grants the Gram Sabha the authority to regulate the trade and commerce of such produce, ensuring that the local communities benefit from the utilization of these resources.

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