What do you mean by Cryptography? Describe its data security techniques.

Cryptography is the practice and study of securing information and communication through the use of mathematical techniques, ensuring that only intended parties can access and understand the data. It is an essential aspect of cybersecurity, providing confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of data. Cryptography transforms plain text into an unreadable format called ciphertext using encryption algorithms and keys, making it inaccessible to unauthorized individuals.

In the context of Python, cryptography can be implemented using libraries like cryptography, pycryptodome, and hashlib. These libraries provide tools to perform encryption, decryption, and other cryptographic operations.

Data Security Techniques in Cryptography

1. Symmetric Key Encryption

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