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Reading is a fundamental component of language acquisition, especially at the elementary school level. In the context of teaching English to young learners, understanding how reading is conceptualized is essential for effective pedagogical planning. Two prominent ways to look at reading are: as a skill and as a process. These conceptualizations, though interrelated, have their own distinct characteristics, applications, and pedagogical implications. Examining the similarities and differences between the two helps educators make informed choices in designing reading instruction that meets the diverse needs of elementary learners. When reading is viewed as a skill, it is often treated as a set of discrete abilities that can be taught, learned, measured, and evaluated. These include decoding words, recognizing sight words, using contextual clues, understanding sentence structure, and grasping basic grammar rules. Each of these components can be isolated and practiced through drills, worksheets, and assessments. Reading as a skill assumes that proficiency results from mastery over each individual component. In elementary classrooms, this often translates into explicit instruction in phonics, vocabulary building, and comprehension exercises that focus on specific types of questions such as inferential, literal, or critical. On the other hand, reading as a process refers to the dynamic, ______ ________ _______ ____ _____ ____.
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