What are the Rules of Protection of Civilians under IHL?

The Rules of Protection of Civilians under International Humanitarian Law (IHL) constitute a crucial framework aimed at safeguarding non-combatants during armed conflicts. IHL, also known as the law of war or the law of armed conflict, is a set of legal principles and rules that govern the conduct of parties involved in armed conflicts to minimize human suffering and protect those not actively participating in hostilities. The protection of civilians is a fundamental aspect of IHL, and specific rules have been established to ensure their safety and well-being.

1. Distinction between Civilians and Combatants:
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