What are the forms and means of social control?

Forms of Social Control:

Different social thinkers have categorised social control in different ways. A few classifications in regard to types and forms of social control are as follows:

(1) Forms of social control as given by Karl Mannheim:

Karl Mannheim, the famous social thinker, has categorised social control under the following two heads:

(a) Direct social control,

(b) Indirect social control.

(a) Direct social control:

That type of social control which directly regulates and controls the behaviour of the individual is called Direct Social Control. This type of control is to be found in family, neighbourhood, play-groups and other types of primary groups. In these institutions, parents, neighbours, teachers, classmates etc., keep control over the behaviour of the individuals.

(b) Indirect social control:

In this type of social control distant factors keep control over the behaviour of the individual. Such a type of control is exercised by secondary groups through customs; traditions, rationalised behaviour etc. and public opinion are important forms of indirect social control.

(2) Forms of social control as given by Gurvitch:

According to Gurvitch social control is of the following four types:

(a) Organised social control:

In this type of social control, the behaviour of the individual is regulated either through voluntary means or through democratic ways. This is done through natural ways of social control.

(b) Unorganised social control:

This social control is exercised by values of culture and usages, traditions, fashion, symbol etc. This is an elastic type of social control and is related to day-to-day life.

(c) Spontaneous social control:

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