Define social change. Explain various factors of social change.

Social change is way human interactions and relationships transform cultural and social institutions over time, having a profound impact of society.  Relationships have changed, institutions have changed, and cultural norms have changed as a result of these social change movements.

Main factors which affect social change can be discussed a follows:

1. Natural Factors:

Natural forces and factors play an important role in unifying or disintegrating the society. Although human beings have made tremendous progress during the last 150 years or so, yet they have not been able to wield full control over the nature.

A storm, earthquake, flood, drought, disease and similar natural events even today can disrupt the social system. Natural calamities like floods, earthquakes, draughts, famines and other natural disasters always force changes in the social conditions and life of the affected people.

On the one hand these factors and forces act as a source of big loss for the victims; on the other hand these initiate efforts aimed at rapid reconstruction and development. As such, the natural factors can on the one hand, cause havoc in physical conditions of social life, these may also affect the social conditions in a positive way.

Large scale floods in Pakistan in August 2010 inflicted very heavy losses on more than 10 million people of the country. At the same time, these gave rise to very comprehensive human attempts at socio-economic reconstruction and development. Haiti is now getting rebuilt after the devastating earthquake of 2010.

2. Geographical Factors of Social Change:

The geographical conditions always affect the social system and act as factors of social change. The cultural life of the people depends upon the physical environment. Progress also depends upon the availability of natural resources, their exploitation and how are these being recouped and preserved.

The climate always affects the socio-economic activities of the people. For instance, there is little economic activity at both poles (North and South) due to intense and long spells of cold the speed of social change remains negligible. On the other hand, there is always an intense activity in temperate regions (neither too cold nor too warm), and consequently the speed of social changes is ______ _______ _______ _________ ______ ________ ______ ______ _____ ___ _____ ___.
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