What are the drawbacks of social forestry?

Social forestry, as discussed in Towards Participatory Management, was introduced with the objective of involving local communities in afforestation efforts, enhancing rural livelihoods, and addressing environmental concerns. However, despite its potential, several drawbacks have been identified in its implementation.

One major drawback is the top-down approach adopted during the initial stages of social forestry programmes. Instead of genuinely involving communities in decision-making, external _____ ___ _______ ______ ________ ____ ____ _________ _______ ________ _________.
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