What are the characteristics of human language? Discuss each in detail

Human language is a unique and complex system of communication that allows individuals to convey ideas, express emotions, and share information. It is distinct from other forms of animal communication due to several defining characteristics that shape its structure, usage, and development. Below are the key characteristics of human language, explained in detail:

### 1. Arbitrariness
One of the most fundamental characteristics of human language is arbitrariness. This means that there is no inherent connection between the sounds or symbols used in language and the concepts or objects they represent. For example, the word "tree" in English does not have any physical or natural connection to the actual tree; it is simply a conventional symbol that speakers of English use to refer to the object. The same concept can be represented by entirely different words in other languages (e.g., "arbre" in French or "baum" in German). This arbitrariness allows languages to evolve independently of the physical world and provides flexibility in the way meanings are conveyed.

### 2. Duality of Patterning
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