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Proteolytic enzymes, also known as proteases or proteinases, are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins, thereby breaking complex protein molecules into smaller peptides and amino acids. They play a crucial role in numerous biological processes such as digestion, metabolism, cell regulation, immune responses, blood coagulation, and tissue remodeling. Proteolytic enzymes are widely distributed in plants, animals, microorganisms, and even viruses. Based on their site of action and catalytic mechanism, they are broadly classified into endopeptidases, which cleave peptide bonds within the protein chain, and exopeptidases, which remove amino acids __________ ___ __________ __________ _________ ________ __________ ________ ________ ____.
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