What are biochemical tests used to assess PEM and Vitamin A deficiency? Explain.

Biochemical tests play a crucial role in assessing Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and Vitamin A deficiency, providing valuable insights into an individual's nutritional status. These tests involve measuring specific biomarkers in blood, urine, or other bodily fluids to identify deficiencies or imbalances.

For Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) assessment, several biochemical tests are commonly employed:

1. Serum Albumin and Total Protein Levels: These tests gauge the protein content in the blood. Decreased levels indicate __________ _____ ___ _____ __________ ____ _______ __________.
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