What do you understand by demographic transition? Explain various stages of demographic cycle in detail.

Demographic transition refers to a complex and gradual shift in population characteristics that occurs as societies progress from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. This transition is typically observed as countries develop economically, technologically, and socially. It involves distinct stages that reflect changes in birth and death rates, leading to shifts in population growth patterns.

The demographic transition model consists of four main stages:

1. Stage 1: High Stationary: In this stage, both birth and death rates are high, leading to minimal population growth. Pre-industrial societies ____ _________ _____ ____ _____.
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