Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency . Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature
. Take
and
.
We are asked to compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level using the Boltzmann distribution. Let’s solve step by step. The fraction of atoms in the upper energy level ( n_2 ) is given by: [ \frac{n_2}{n_1 + n_2} = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{n_1}{n_2}} = \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{E_2 - E_1}{k_B T}}} ] Here, ( E_2 - E_1 = h \nu ). ____ ___ _______ ____ ___ ________ ______ _____ ________ ________.
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A plano-convex lens of radius is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by an extended monochromatic source. Assume that the point of contact is perfect. The diameters of the
and
dark rings in the reflected light are
and
. Next, the space between the lens and the glass plate is filled with a liquid. The diameter of the
ring changes to
. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid when the ring is (i) dark, and (ii) bright, if the wavelength of light is
.
An atomic system consisting of two energy levels, with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action.
Obtain expressions for reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients when electric vector associated with a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave is in the plane of incidence.
दो समतल ध्रुवित लंबवत् प्रकाश तरंगों के अध्यारोपण के फलस्वरूप उत्पन्न दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश के लिए व्यंजक प्राप्त करें। सिद्ध करें कि समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश तथा वृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश, दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश की विशेष स्थितियां हैं।
Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency . Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature
. Take
and
.
The sodium lamp used in a physics laboratory gives out light uniformly. Suppose that the lamp uses 40 W. Calculate the magnitude of electric field.
दो ऊर्जा स्तरों वाली एक परमाण्वीय निकाय, जिसमें उच्च ऊर्जा स्तर की जनसंख्या न्यून ऊर्जा स्तर की जनसंख्या से कम है, तापीय साम्यावस्था में हैं। सिद्ध करें कि यदि उपयुक्त आवृत्ति का विकिरण निकाय में प्रेषित किया जाए तो विकिरण का अवशोषण, उद्दीपित उत्सर्जन से अधिक होगा। इस तथ्य का लेसर प्रक्रिया पर होने वाले असर पर टिप्पणी करें।