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The didactics of languages is concerned with understanding how languages are taught and learned and with developing effective methods for language education. Over time, several major theories have influenced language teaching. These theories reflect different ideas about the nature of language, the process of learning, the role of the teacher and learner, and the importance of communication. Among the major theories are behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism, the communicative approach, the interactionist theory, and sociocultural theory. Two particularly important theories are behaviourism and constructivism. Behaviourism is one of the earliest theories to have strongly influenced language teaching. It considers learning as a change in observable behaviour resulting from interaction with the environment. According to behaviourist psychologists such as B. F. Skinner, learning takes place through stimulus, response and reinforcement. In language learning, the learner is exposed to a linguistic stimulus, produces a response, and receives reinforcement when ____ ____ ________ __________ __________ ________ _____.
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