Name the causative agents of the following diseases. How are they transmitted form the
patient to a healthy person?

a) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
b) Hydrophobia
c) Chicken pox
d) Dengue fever
e) Measles 

Causative Agents and Transmission of Diseases:

a) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS):

Causative Agent: The causative agent of AIDS is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that primarily targets and attacks the immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells, leading to a weakened immune response and increased susceptibility to infections.

Transmission: HIV is transmitted through specific body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of transmission are:

1. Unprotected Sexual Contact: Sexual intercourse with an infected partner who has not taken precautions can lead to transmission.

2. Sharing Contaminated Needles: Intravenous drug users who share needles and syringes with infected individuals can contract the virus.

3. Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

4. Blood Transfusions and Organ Transplants: Although rare in developed countries due to rigorous screening processes, HIV transmission can occur through infected blood transfusions or organ ________ ______ ______ _______ ______ _________ ___ ____ ______.
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