Molluscan kidney

Molluscs also have a well-developed excretory system, using tubular nephridia organized as kidneys, that collect liquid wastes from the coelom and dump them in the mantle cavity, where they are pumped out of the shell. Sexes are separate (dioecious), except for bivalves and some snails, which are hermaphroditic.

The anatomical form of the renal gland varies from one class of mollusks to another, but a common plan is clearly evident. The renal __________ ________ _____ ______ _____ _____ _________.
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