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Traditional commerce and e-commerce represent two different approaches to conducting business, although both ultimately aim to satisfy customer needs, generate sales and build long-term relationships. For a local handicrafts cooperative seeking to market its products nationally and internationally, understanding the distinction between these two forms of commerce is essential before developing an effective e-commerce implementation plan. Traditional commerce is a business model in which buying and selling activities are primarily conducted through physical locations and face-to-face interactions. A handicrafts cooperative following this model may sell products through a local shop, craft fair, exhibition, wholesale market, or physical retail outlet. Customers generally visit the seller, physically examine products, negotiate or discuss prices, make payment through cash or conventional payment methods, and take possession of the goods either immediately or through conventional delivery arrangements. Business operations are usually restricted by geographical location, working hours, physical infrastructure, and the availability of intermediaries. E-commerce, in contrast, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through electronic networks, particularly the Internet. In an e-commerce model, the cooperative can display photographs, descriptions, prices, materials, dimensions, and other information about handicrafts on a website or online marketplace. Customers can browse products, place orders, make digital payments, and receive the products through courier or logistics services without physically visiting the cooperative. Thus, e-commerce ____ ___ _______ __________ ________ ___ _____.
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