Interference fringes are produced by a beam of monochromatic light incident normally on a wedge shaped film of refractive index 1.5. The angle of the wedge is 15 seconds of an arc and the two successive dark fringes are 0.4 cm apart. Calculate the wavelength of light.
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The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.64 and 1.53 respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre.
For a crystal, the refractive index no for the o-ray is 1.5442 for light of wavelength 6 . The least thickness of the crystal used as a quarter wave plate is found to be 1.65
m. Determine the refractive index ne for the e-ray in this crystal.
A beam of parallel light of wavelength 6000 Å is incident normally on a 1 rupee coin of diameter 3 cm. If an observation screen is placed at a distance of 1 m from the coin, how many Fresnel zones would be obstructed by it (the coin)? For what separation between the coin and the screen, only 5 zones would be cut off
A beam of light is propagating in vacuum and its frequency is constant. Show that the average energy carried by it per unit area is proportional to the associated electric field vector.
State and explain Fermat’s principle. Using this principle, derive Snell’s law of refraction
Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency 5.0 Hz. Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels. Compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature 600 K. Take kg = 1.38
JK
and h = 6.6
Js.
Why pumping is necessary for laser action? Compare and contrast three level and four level pumping schemes for lasers.