An atomic system consisting of two energy levels with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action

An atomic system with two energy levels in thermal equilibrium follows the Boltzmann distribution, where the population \( N_2 \) of the higher energy level \( E_2 \) is less than the population \( N_1 \) of the lower energy level \( E_1 \). Mathematically, this is expressed as:

\[
\frac{N_2}{N_1} = e^{-\frac{(E_2 - E_1)}{k_B T}},
\]

where \( k_B \) is Boltzmann's constant and \( T \) is the absolute temperature. Since \( E_2 > E_1 \), the exponential term ensures that \( N_2 < N_1 \).

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