With the help of a diagram, explain the working of Michelson interferometer. Explain how Michelson interferometer can be used for determining the refractive index of a thin plate

The Michelson interferometer is a device that employs the principle of interference to measure various optical properties, such as wavelength, refractive index, and small displacements. It consists of a coherent light source, a beam splitter, two mirrors, and a viewing screen.

Working of Michelson Interferometer

Diagram Description

1. A coherent light source emits a monochromatic beam.
2. The beam splitter divides the light into two beams at a 45° angle:
   • One beam reflects towards Mirror M1.
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