Illustrate the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in human beings. 

Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. The disease is prevalent in parts of Asia, Africa, South America, and the Mediterranean basin.

The life cycle of the parasite involves two hosts: a mammalian host, usually a human, and a vector, the sandfly. The cycle begins when an infected female sandfly bites a human, injecting the parasite into the bloodstream. The parasites then enter the macrophages, a type of white ___ ______ _________ __________ ______ __________.
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