i) Rearrangement of carbocation in E1 reaction 

ii) Isotope effect in E2 reactions

i) Rearrangement of carbocation in E1 reaction:

The E1 reaction is a type of elimination reaction that proceeds through a two-step mechanism. In the first step, the leaving group leaves the molecule, resulting in the formation of a carbocation intermediate. In the second step, a base abstracts a proton from an adjacent carbon atom, resulting in the formation of the double bond and regeneration of the acid catalyst.

In some cases, the carbocation intermediate can undergo a rearrangement before the elimination step takes place. This rearrangement occurs when the migrating group can stabilize the carbocation intermediate by delocalizing ________ ________ ________ ___ _______ ____ _________ __________ _________.
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