State Markownikoff’s rules.
Markownikoff's rules state that in the addition of a protic acid (such as HX) to an asymmetrically substituted alkene, the hydrogen atom of the acid will ___ __________ _________ _________ ______ _____ ____ ________.
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State Hoffmann rule.
Starting with aniline how would you prepare p-nitroaniline?
Discuss the reaction of carbenes with trans-2 butane and cis-2-butene. Why is the stereospecificity of these reactions lost when these reactions are carried out in the presence of an inert gas?
Give the production of aspirin
Give the mechanism of Perkin condensation.
Give the expected product and mechanism in the following reactions:
i) Aromatic aldehydes are less reactive than aliphatic aldehydes towards nucleophilic addition reactions. ii) For aldol condensation aldehyde must contain α-hydrogen.
iii) Crossed claisen condensation in not of synthetic importance.