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# Soil Texture Analysis Soil texture refers to the relative proportion of different-sized mineral particles present in a soil. The three main mineral fractions are sand, silt and clay. Sand particles are the largest, silt particles are intermediate in size, and clay particles are the smallest. Soil texture is an important property in environmental chemistry because it influences water retention, drainage, aeration, nutrient availability, adsorption of pollutants, movement of chemicals and the overall quality and fertility of soil. Soil texture analysis is therefore carried out to determine the percentage of sand, silt and clay in a given soil sample. The analysis generally begins with the collection of a representative soil sample. Soil is collected from the required location and depth, avoiding stones, roots, leaves and other foreign materials. The sample is brought to the laboratory and air-dried. After drying, large clods are gently broken and the soil is passed through a sieve, commonly a 2 mm sieve, to remove gravel and coarse organic materials. The prepared sample is then used for particle-size analysis. The basic principle of soil texture analysis is that soil particles of different sizes settle in water at different rates. Larger and heavier particles such as sand settle rapidly, while smaller particles such as silt and clay remain suspended for a longer period. This difference in settling velocity can be used to determine the relative amounts of sand, silt and clay. One common method of soil texture analysis is the sedimentation or hydrometer method. In this method, a known quantity of air-dried soil is taken in a suitable container. A dispersing agent is added to separate the individual soil particles that may be held together in aggregates. Sodium hexametaphosphate is commonly used as a dispersing agent. The soil and dispersing solution are mixed thoroughly with _________ ________ _______ ___ ________ ________ ____ ____ ________.
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