Word Count : 1212

---

Soil alkalinity refers to a condition in which the soil has a high concentration of alkaline substances and a high soil pH, generally above 8.5. It is an important environmental and agricultural problem because it changes the chemical and physical properties of soil and reduces its capacity to support healthy plant growth. Alkaline soils are commonly associated with the accumulation of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and other basic salts. The development of soil alkalinity is influenced by natural environmental conditions as well as human activities, particularly improper irrigation and drainage practices. One of the major reasons for soil alkalinity is the accumulation of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In regions with low rainfall and high evaporation, water containing dissolved salts moves upward through the soil by capillary action. As the water evaporates from the surface, salts remain behind and gradually accumulate. Repeated evaporation without sufficient rainfall or drainage can therefore increase the concentration of alkaline salts in the upper layers of soil. The nature of the parent material also contributes to soil alkalinity. Some rocks and minerals contain large quantities of basic compounds, carbonates and bicarbonates of calcium, magnesium and sodium. During weathering, these substances are released into the soil. Under conditions of inadequate leaching, the alkaline materials remain in the soil and gradually increase its pH. Thus, the geological composition of an area can determine its natural tendency toward alkalinity. Climate is another important factor. Soil alkalinity is _________ __________ ___ ________ __________.
__________ __________ ______ ____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ____ ________ ___ ___.
__________ ____ ______ _____ _________ ____ ________ _______ ____ _________ _______.
_____ ___ _____ _______ __________.
________ ___ ______ ____ _______ ______ ___.
__________ ________ _________ __________ ________ ____ ___.
_________ ______ ___ ___ _________ ____.
______ _______ ___ _____ ______.
__________ _________ ____ _____ ________ _______.
_______ ___ _____ ___ _______ __________ _______ ________ ___ ________ ______.
____ ______ __________ _____ _________ _______ ______.
_______ ___ _________ _________ __________.
___ ______ _____ ________ _______ ___ _____ _________ ___ ________ _____.
__________ __________ __________ _______ ______.
______ ________ ________ ______ ___.
________ ___ ______ ___ ___ ___ ________ _______ _______ ______ __________ __________.
____ ___ ____ _______ _________ _______ ________ __________ ______.
____ _______ _________ _____ _______.
__________ ________ __________ ____ ______.
_________ _________ ____ _____ ______ ___ _____ _______ ______ ________ _______ _________.
_______ _______ ________ ____ _________ ________.
_________ __________ ___ _______ _________.
__________ ___ ___ ______ ___ _________ _____ __________.
___ _________ _________ _______ ____ _____ ___ ____ _____ _________ _________.
______ __________ ________ _____ ___ __________ _________ _________.
________ ______ ______ _____ ______ _________.
________ ________ _____ _____ _________.
_____ ___ ___ __________ ______ __________.
____ _____ ________ ___ ___ _______ ______ ________ ____ ____ ________.
_____ ________ ____ __________ __________ ___ __________ __________.
_________ ____ _________ _____ ____.
_____ ____ ____ ____ ___.
_____ _________ ________ __________ _________ _________.
_______ ______ _________ ______ _______.
_____ ________ ___ ____ ___ ________ _____ __________.
_____ _______ __________ _____ __________.
___ ________ _________ _________ _________ _____ __________ _________ ___ _______ _________.
____ ______ ________ ______ ___ __________ ________ __________ ________ ____ __________ ____.
____ _____ ______ ____ ___ ________ __________ __________ ______ _______.
________ ________ __________ ______ ___ _________ _______ ____ ____.
___ _______ _______ ______ _______ __________ _______ ______.
__________ ______ ___ ____ ______ ______ __________ _________ _________.
_______ _________ _________ ________ ____ _______ _______ ___ _______.
______ __________ ___ _____ _____ _____ ___ ________.
___ __________ ________ _______ _______ _______ ______.
___ ______ _________ ______ ________ _______ ____ ________ _____ ______ _______.
_____ __________ ____ _________ ___ _________ ____ __________.
_________ _____ ________ ____ __________ ______.
_____ ________ _______ __________ __________.
_________ _______ ________ _______ ________.
______ _______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ _____ _______ ____ _______.
__________ ____ _____ _____ _____ _________ ___ _____ ____ ____.
_______ ______ ________ ___ __________ _______ _____ __________ _______ ___ ___ ___.
__________ ___ __________ _______ __________ ______ ___ ____ ______ __________ _____.
________ _______ _____ ___ _____ ___ ________ ________ ___ ______.
________ ___ ___ ________ ______.
_______ _____ _______ ____ _____ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ __________.
__________ _______ ___ ____ ______.
___ __________ ___ _________ ________ ________ _____ _______.
______ ________ _________ ___ ______ ________ ____ ___.
___ ________ ___ _____ _______ ______ ___ ___ ________.
______ ___ _________ ____ _____ _________ __________.
_________ __________ ___ ______ _________ ____ _______ _______ _____ _________ _________ ________.
________ ______ _____ _____ ______ _________ _________ _______ _______ __________ ____.
____ ____ _____ _________ _____ ______ ______ ____.
__________ ___ ________ __________ ____ ____ _________ _______ _______ ___ ___ ______.
__________ ___ _____ ______ _________ ____ _____ ________ _____.
___ _______ _____ ________ __________ _______ ________ ________.
_____ ______ __________ ______ ______ ____ ______ _________ ___ _________.
______ _______ __________ ____ ________ __________ _____.
___ ___ _______ _____ ______ ______ _________ __________ _______.
_______ ______ _________ ______ __________ ________ _________ ____.
_________ _____ ___ ___ __________.
_____ ______ ____ _____ ______ ___ ________.
_______ _____ ______ _______ ________ _______ _________ ____.
__________ __________ __________ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____ _____.
_______ __________ _________ _______ __________ ______ _______ _______ ________ _________ _____ _____.
_________ ____ ________ ____ ________ ____ _________ ______.
___ ____ ______ __________ _______ _________ ________ ______ ______ _____.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _____ __________ _________.
___ ____ _______ ____ _______ _________ _______ ___ ____ _______ __________ _____.
__________ _______ ____ ___ ____.
______ _______ ________ ________ _____.
_________ ___ __________ ____ ____ ________ __________.
_____ ________ ________ ____ ______ ____ ____ _______ ____ ________.
_____ ________ ____ ____ _______ ________ ________.
________ ___ ________ __________ ____.
_______ _________ ____ ______ _____ _____ __________ ___ _______.
_________ __________ ____ ________ _________ ___ _________ _______ ___ _____ ______.
__________ ___ ______ _________ ________ ___ ____.
________ _______ ____ ______ ____.
________ ___ _________ __________ ______ ________ ________ ____ ________ ____ ____ __________.
__________ _________ ________ ______ __________.
____ _______ _____ _________ _________ _____ _____ _________ ______.
____ __________ _____ ____ ________ _________ ____ _______ ________ ______ ____ _____.
_________ _________ _________ ______ ___ _____ _________.
_____ ______ ______ ________ __________.
______ ____ _________ _________ _________ ____ _______ ______ _____ _______ ______.
______ _______ _______ ___ _____.
_________ _______ ___ _______ _____ ___ ___ ___ _____.
____ _____ ________ _________ ___ __________ _____ _____ _____ __________ __________.
___ ___ __________ ___ _____ _____ __________ _______ ____ ________.
_______ ____ ________ _______ ___ ______ ______ _____ ______ ____.
_____ _________ _______ _______ ____.
___ _________ _________ _____ __________ _______ ________ _____.
_______ ____ __________ ________ ________.
______ ________ __________ _______ ____ _____ ______ _______ __________.
______ _________ ______ ______ ________ __________ ________ ____ ______ ____ ______.
________ ____ __________ _______ __________ ________ _____ ______ ________ ____ _______ _______.
_____ ______ _______ _____ _____ __________ _______ ___ ___ ______.
_______ _______ ________ __________ _________ _________.
______ ______ ________ ________ _____ _____ __________ ______ ___ ____ ____.
________ _____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___.
_________ _________ ____ ______ _________ ______ __________.
_________ ____ _________ _________ _____ ___ _________ _____ __________ ____ __________.
___ _____ _________ __________ ______ ___ ________ ______ _______ ________.
_____ _____ ______ ___ ________ ______ _________ ___ ____ _________ ____.
_________ ___ ________ __________ ________ _______ _______ _____ ____ ________ _________.
_______ ________ ___.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp