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# Synthesis of Benzotriazole from ortho-Phenylenediamine Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a benzene ring fused with a five-membered ring having three nitrogen atoms. It is an important compound in organic chemistry and is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor, photographic chemical, pharmaceutical intermediate, and stabilizer for metals and polymers. Benzotriazole can be conveniently synthesised from ortho-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) by diazotisation followed by intramolecular cyclisation. The reaction involves conversion of one amino group of o-phenylenediamine into a diazonium group, followed by attack of the second amino group and formation of the N–N bond required for the benzotriazole ring. The starting material is ortho-phenylenediamine, which has two amino groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring. Its structure can be represented as: C₆H₄(NH₂)₂ The synthesis is generally carried out using sodium nitrite and a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid, under controlled temperature conditions. Sodium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid generates nitrous acid in situ: NaNO₂ + HCl → HNO₂ + NaCl Nitrous __________ ___ ____ __________ ______.
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