Word Count : 1129

---

Skraup synthesis is an important method used for the preparation of quinoline and its derivatives. Quinoline is a bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring. It has the molecular formula C₉H₇N and is an important structural unit in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and biologically active compounds. The Skraup synthesis is especially useful because it provides a general method for constructing the quinoline ring system from aniline and a suitable carbonyl compound, usually glycerol, in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid and an oxidizing agent. The classical Skraup synthesis was developed by Zdenko Hans Skraup in 1880. In the original reaction, aniline is heated with glycerol, concentrated sulphuric acid, and an oxidizing agent such as nitrobenzene. The glycerol is converted into acrolein under the strongly acidic conditions. Acrolein then reacts with aniline, followed by cyclization and oxidation, to give quinoline. The overall reaction may be represented as: C₆H₅NH₂ + HOCH₂–CHOH–CH₂OH → C₉H₇N + 4H₂O In the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄ and an oxidizing agent such as nitrobenzene, aniline and glycerol produce quinoline. The reaction takes place through several important stages. First, glycerol undergoes acid-catalysed dehydration. Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and converts glycerol into acrolein. The reaction can be represented as: HOCH₂–CHOH–CH₂OH → CH₂=CH–CHO + 2H₂O Thus, glycerol generates acrolein, which is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. _________ __________ _______ ______ _________ ______ ____ ____ ____.
___ ______ ____ _______ ____ _______ ________ ____ __________.
_____ ________ _________ _________ ____ _________ _______ ___ ___ ___ _____ ___.
_____ __________ ________ __________ __________ ___ ____ _________ ____.
____ __________ ____ ______ ______ ______ _______ _____ ________ ___.
_______ _____ ______ _________ ___.
______ _________ _________ _____ __________ _________ __________ _____ __________ __________ _____.
_______ ______ _________ ____ __________ ___ _______ ___.
____ ______ ______ ___ _________ ________ ____ _________ ______ _________.
___ _________ ____ ____ __________ _________ ______ ___.
________ _____ __________ _____ __________ _________.
________ _________ __________ _________ ____ ____.
_______ ________ ____ ______ _________.
_____ _________ _________ _____ _____ ____ ___ _______ __________ ______ __________ ___.
________ ______ ____ _________ ________.
__________ _____ _______ _______ ___ __________ _______ ___ _______ ________ ________.
______ ________ _________ ___ ____ _________ __________ ________ _______.
________ __________ _______ ___ ____ ______ ________ ___.
______ ___ _______ ______ ___.
______ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ____ ___ ___ ________.
_______ ___ ______ _________ ______ _______ __________ ________.
________ ______ ___ ________ ________.
________ ___ __________ ___ _______ ________ ______ _____.
_____ ________ ______ ________ ____ _________ _____ ____ _______ _______.
______ _____ __________ ____ _______ _____.
__________ ____ _________ ____ __________ _________ _____ _______ _______ _____ ____ ______.
_____ _________ ______ ___ ________ ______ ___ _______ ___ ___ ________.
____ _____ _____ ___ __________ __________.
_______ __________ _____ ___ ________ __________ ________ _______.
________ _____ _____ __________ ________ _________.
_______ _________ ____ _______ _________ _________ _____ ____.
__________ _______ ___ __________ ____ ____ _______ ___ __________ _____ ____.
_______ ________ ____ ____ ______ _________ ______ ____ _______ _______ _____.
_____ _______ ____ ________ ___ ______ ______ ___ _______ _______.
___ __________ ______ ______ ________ ___.
__________ _________ _____ ____ _______ ____ ___ _____.
___ ________ __________ _______ __________ ___ _____ ___ ___.
_______ ______ _____ _________ _______ _______ _____ ________ ___ ____ __________.
_________ ___ _____ ________ ________ ___ __________.
____ __________ ______ _________ ______ ________ _____ _____ ___ ____ _______ ______.
___ ___ ______ _________ ____ ______ __________ ____.
____ _______ _______ _____ _________ ____ ________.
_________ _____ _______ __________ _____ ___ ____ _____.
____ ______ _________ __________ ___ ________.
________ _______ __________ _____ ___ _______ _______ ___ ________ _____ ______.
____ ________ ________ __________ ______ ________ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ ______.
__________ ___ ________ _______ ____ __________ _________ ________ ______.
______ ____ _______ ______ ____ ______ __________ _____ _____ _________ _________.
_________ ________ __________ _________ _______ __________ ____ _____ _______.
____ ______ ______ ____ ___ __________ _________ _______ ____ _________ _______.
_____ _______ ____ __________ _____ ___ ____ ________ _____ ______ _____ ______.
________ ________ __________ _________ _________ ___ __________ ____ ____ __________ __________.
_________ _______ _____ _________ ___ _____ _________ ______ __________ __________ _____ __________.
____ _____ ___ ____ _____ _________ ___.
______ __________ _____ ____ ______ _______ _______ __________ ______.
_______ __________ __________ _____ _____ _________ ________ _________ ______ _____.
___ ___ _________ ________ _____ ________ __________.
______ __________ ____ _____ ________ ____ _____ ______.
___ __________ _______ ______ ________ ____ ____ _________.
_________ ____ _______ _____ _______ _____ ____.
______ _________ ___ _______ ___ _____ ____ __________ ________ ______.
___ __________ ______ ________ ____ _______ ________ __________.
___ ___ ____ ________ ______ _____ ________ ________.
___ _____ _________ ________ _______ ________ _____ __________ _____ ___.
________ _________ _______ ______ ______ ___ ______ ____ ___ _______.
__________ ________ _______ ______ ______ _______ _____ ___.
__________ __________ _________ ______ __________.
_______ _______ ____ ________ ___ _________ _______ ___.
___ ____ ___ ______ ____ _______ _______ _____ _________ ________ ___ ______.
___ ___ _________ __________ _________ ______ ____ _____.
__________ __________ ___ _______ ________ _____ ________.
________ _____ _____ _________ ________.
_________ _________ _______ _________ ________ _________ ___ ______ ______ ___.
________ _________ ________ _________ ___ ____ ___ _______.
____ __________ ______ ______ _____ _______ ________ __________ ________ _____ _____.
________ ________ _________ ________ ____ __________ _____ ________.
______ ____ ______ _________ __________ __________ _________.
_________ ________ ______ ______ ______ _______ ____.
_______ ____ ________ _____ __________ _________ _____ _________ _________ ______.
____ __________ _______ ___ _____ _________.
________ _______ ___ ______ __________ ______ _____ ______ _____.
____ _______ ____ _______ _______.
______ ______ ____ _______ _______ ____ ________ __________ ____ __________ _______.
_________ _______ ________ _____ ______ ______ ___ ______.
________ ________ ________ ________ _____ __________ _____.
____ ____ ___ ___ ________.
_______ _____ _________ ___ ______ ________ ________ _________ ________ _________ _____ ____.
_______ _____ _____ _________ __________ _____ ________ _______ __________.
________ _______ _____ __________ ______ _________ ______ ________ _____ _________.
___ ___ ___ ____ ________ ____ ____ _______.
____ ____ ________ _________ __________ _______ ________ ______ _____.
__________ __________ ______ _________ _____ __________ _________.
_________ _______ ______ _______ ____ __________ ___ _______.
__________ ______ ____ ____ _____ __________ _______ ____.
__________ _____ _________ _______ ____ ____.
_______ _______ _____ _____ ________ ____ ___ _________ ________.
______ ________ _____ _____ _________ ___ ________ _______ __________ ____.
__________ _______ _________ ______ _______ ___ ________ ______ ________ ______ ________.
____ ___ __________ __________ ________ _________ _______ _________ _________.
__________ _____ __________ ___ ___ ___.
_____ _______ ______ ______ ____ ________.
_____ __________ ____ ___ _________ _____ ___ __________ ________ ________ _______ ____.
_________ ____ ____ ________ ________ __________ __________ ___ ____.
__________ _______ ________ _________ ______ ________ ________.
________ _________ __________ _____ _________ ____ ______ ______ ___ _____ _______.
_______ ____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp