How can benzotriazole be synthesised starting from ortho-phenylenediamine? Give the mechanism of the reaction.

Benzotriazole can be synthesized from ortho-phenylenediamine via a cyclization reaction. The process involves the formation of a five-membered triazole ring by the reaction of ortho-phenylenediamine with sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and an acidic medium.

Mechanism:

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