Word Count : 273

---

Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) are agents that facilitate the migration of a reactant from one phase into another where the reaction occurs, commonly between aqueous and organic phases. They are particularly useful in reactions involving ionic species in a nonpolar solvent. (i) Alkylation: PTCs enhance nucleophilic substitution reactions by transferring anions from the aqueous phase into the organic phase. For example, in the alkylation of phenoxide ions with _______ __________ _____ ____ ________ ____ ______ ___ ______ ____ __________.
__________ ______ ____ ___ _____ ________.
___ ____ ____ _____ _____ ______ __________.
________ _______ ___ _______ _______ __________ __________ ______ __________ ______.
___ ________ __________ ________ _____ ____ __________ ____.
_______ _________ _________ ___ ___ __________ ____ ________ _________ __________ _____.
_________ _____ ___ ________ ____ ___ ______ ______.
___ _____ _______ ___ ________ __________ _____ _____ _________.
__________ ___ _______ ___ ___ _______ _____.
________ ___ __________ __________ _____ __________ ____ ______ __________ ________ _____ _______.
_______ ____ ___ _____ _____ ____ __________.
___ _________ _____ ________ ___.
___ _____ ____ ___ ______ _____ _________ ____ _______ ______ _________.
___ ________ ____ ________ ___.
_______ _____ ___ _______ __________.
______ _________ __________ ___ _________ ________ _________ _________ ___ _________.
______ ___ _____ ___ _________ ________ ____ ______.
____ _____ ____ ____ __________ _____ ________ ___.
___ ___ ____ ______ ___ _____ ___ __________ ___.
_____ ______ ______ __________ _____ _________ _____ ___ ____ ____.
____ __________ ____ _________ ______ ____ ______.
_______ __________ __________ ______ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ __________.
______ ______ _____ ________ ______ ___.
__________ _____ _______ ______ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____ ________.
_________ __________ ________ ___ ________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp