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Ion selective electrodes are widely used in electro-analytical chemistry as they provide a simple, rapid, and selective means of measuring the activity of specific ions in solution without interference from other ionic species. They operate on the principle that the potential developed across a selective membrane is dependent on the activity of the target ion, which can then be correlated to its concentration using the Nernst equation. Their applications extend across fields such as clinical chemistry, environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, and industrial quality control. Among the several uses, two significant applications can be described in detail with reference to electro-analytical and other methods. One of the most important applications of ion selective electrodes is in the measurement of blood electrolytes in clinical chemistry. The sodium ion selective electrode, potassium ion selective electrode, and chloride ion ________ ____ __________ __________ ______ _____ __________ ___ ___ _________ ____.
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