‘Gandhian perspective on the theory of State was embedded in model polity called ‘Swaraj’.’Comment.

The Gandhian perspective on the theory of the state is rooted deeply in his concept of ‘Swaraj,’ which transcends conventional notions of state and governance. In Gandhi’s worldview, the state was not just an apparatus for maintaining law and order, but a manifestation of the moral and spiritual development of individuals and communities. His model of Swaraj was not confined to political freedom alone but emphasized self-reliance, decentralization, and the ethical responsibility of both rulers and ruled.

At the heart of Gandhian theory was the rejection of the modern Western state. Gandhi believed that the Western state, with its focus on centralized power, bureaucracy, and coercive laws, was fundamentally flawed. He critiqued the colonial state as an instrument of oppression, subjugation, and exploitation. Even after independence, he envisioned a state that was not just a machine for governance but a moral institution, whose role was to guide society towards righteousness (dharma). He was particularly concerned with the potential for state power to corrupt those who wielded it. According to Gandhi, a true state should not merely function through force and law but should seek to foster an environment where individuals could attain their full spiritual potential.

Gandhi’s critique of the state was also connected to his views on authority and coercion. He firmly rejected the idea that authority could be imposed from above through violence or coercion. He advocated for a state based on consent, cooperation, and non-violence (ahimsa). To him, the state’s legitimacy rested not on its power to command, but on _____ __________ _____ ___ _______ ________ __________ __________ ______ ________.
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