How does a solvent affect the rate of SN2 reaction in general? Compare the effect with that of a SN1 reaction. 

State Markownikoff’s rules. 

Write the mechanism of the following reactions:
a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
b) Sandmeyer reaction
c) Bromination of 1-propene with N-Bromosuccinimide
d) Oxidation of 1,2- diols with lead tetra-acetate

Give the mechanism of the following reactions: 

i) Addition of H2O to alkyne 

ii) Addition of HBr to conjugated diene 

Starting with aniline how would you prepare p-nitroaniline?

Explain how is NMR spectroscopic study involved in predicting aromaticity of a compound. Why don’t aromatic compounds usually undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions? 

Give the mechanism of Perkin condensation.