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Urban planning in India plays a crucial role in shaping the physical, social, and economic environment of cities to ensure sustainable urban development. Its evolution can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization, where cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa demonstrated highly organized layouts with grid patterns, drainage systems, and zoning principles. During the colonial period, urban planning in India primarily served administrative and military purposes, with the establishment of cantonment towns, hill stations, and planned cities like New Delhi by Lutyens. Post-independence, the focus of urban planning shifted toward accommodating rapid urbanization, industrialization, and ________ ___ __________ ___ ___ _____ ____.
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