Explain with examples the concept of compulsory licencing.
Compulsory licensing is a legal mechanism that allows a government to authorize a third party to use a patented invention without the consent of the patent holder. This tool is often employed in situations where the government deems it necessary to balance the patent holder's exclusive rights with public interest. Compulsory licensing aims to ensure that essential goods and services, such as medicines, are available to the public, especially when the patent holder is not utilizing their rights in a manner that benefits society.
One of the primary justifications for compulsory licensing is the need to ensure access to critical technologies or products in cases of national emergency, public health crises, or in instances where a monopoly might stifle competition. The concept also reflects the tension between intellectual property rights, which incentivize innovation, and public welfare, which demands affordable access to life-saving goods.
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