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Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs), often referred to as expressions of folklore, encompass a wide range of cultural heritage including music, dance, rituals, designs, oral traditions, and artisanal knowledge. These expressions hold immense cultural, social, and economic value for communities and nations. However, they are often vulnerable to misappropriation, commercial exploitation, and unauthorized use by third parties, raising critical concerns in the spheres of intellectual property law, trade secrets, and competition regulation. In response, international organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) have undertaken initiatives aimed at safeguarding TCEs while balancing the interests of communities, businesses, and global trade. WIPO has played a pivotal role in framing the legal and policy discourse around the protection of TCEs. The organization recognizes that conventional intellectual property systems—such as copyright, patent, and trademark law—often fail to adequately protect TCEs due to their communal origin, intergenerational transmission, and collective ownership. To address this, WIPO has initiated several programs and frameworks. One key initiative is the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC), which serves as a platform for member _____ ____ ______ _________ _______ _________ ___.
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