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The melting points of metals depend mainly on the strength of metallic bonding, which is influenced by atomic size, number of valence electrons, crystal structure, and the extent of electron participation in metallic bonding. The trends in melting points of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals in the fourth, fifth and sixth periods show important differences because their electronic structures and metallic bonding are different. The alkali metals of the fourth, fifth and sixth periods are potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and caesium (Cs), respectively. Their melting points decrease down the group because the atomic size increases from K to Cs. The outermost electron becomes farther from the nucleus and metallic bonding becomes weaker. Consequently, less energy is required to break the metallic lattice. The approximate melting points are K 63.5°C, Rb 39.3°C and Cs 28.5°C. Thus, the general trend ____ _____ ______ _______ _______ _____ ________ _________ ______ _______ ______ _____.
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