Word Count : 516

---

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation, usually associated with chronic inflammation of the airways and lung tissue. Identification of risk factors is important in critical care nursing because early recognition and prevention can reduce acute exacerbations, respiratory failure, and hospital admissions. The most important risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking. Active smoking causes chronic irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, damages cilia, increases mucus production, and leads to destruction of alveolar walls. The risk increases with the duration and intensity of smoking. Exposure to cigars, pipes, and other tobacco products can also contribute to COPD. Passive smoking or long-term exposure to second-hand smoke is another important risk, particularly in children and non-smoking adults. Occupational exposure to dust, chemical ______ ________ _________ _______ ___ ________ ____ ______ ______.
_____ _____ ______ __________ ________.
__________ ____ ___ _____ ____ _____ ______.
__________ ___ __________ __________ _______ _______ _________ __________ ____ __________ ______ ___.
____ ______ ___ _____ _______ _______ _________ ____ _________ _________.
______ _________ ________ _____ ______ ___ __________ __________ ______ _________ _______.
________ ______ ___ _________ ________ _______ _____ _________ __________ ____.
______ ___ _________ _________ ____ ___ __________ _________ ___.
_____ ____ _____ ___ __________ _____ ___ ____.
__________ ______ _____ _________ __________ __________ ______ ____.
___ ___ _____ __________ ________ ___ _______ ____ ______ ____ _____.
___ ______ _________ ________ ___ ______.
_____ _________ _________ _________ ____ _________ _______ ________ ____ ______ ________ ________.
_________ _____ _________ ________ __________ ________ ______ _______ __________ ______ _________ ___.
______ __________ ____ __________ _______ __________ ____.
____ ________ ___ ___ __________ _______ ________ ____ ____ ___ _______.
_______ ______ _________ _____ ________ ____.
___ ____ ____ _________ _________ _______ ______ ______ _____ _________.
__________ ______ _____ ______ _______ ________ ________.
_______ ________ _______ ___ _____ _________ ________ ___ _________ ____ _________.
___ ________ _________ _________ _______ _______ ___.
_____ ______ __________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ________ _______.
_______ _____ ___ ________ _________ ______ _____ _________ ________ ___ _______ ________.
_________ _______ ________ ______ _________ _________ __________.
____ _____ __________ ________ _____ _________ ______ ______.
_________ ____ ____ __________ _________.
____ _________ __________ ________ ________ ______ _________ ________ _____ ____.
_______ _______ _________ __________ _______ _________ __________.
__________ __________ ________ ________ ________ ____ ____ _________ _____ __________ ______ __________.
___ ___ _____ ______ _____ ______ _________ _______ ________ _______ _______ _____.
__________ ___ ______ ____ ______ ___ __________ _____ _______ ___ __________ ______.
_________ ____ _______ ________ _________ _____ ____ _______ _________.
___ _______ __________ __________ ______ _______.
_________ _________ __________ _______ ________ ____ __________ ________ _________ ___.
_____ ________ _____ __________ ______.
____ _______ ___ ________ ______ _____ ______ _________ _________ _____ ____.
______ ________ _____ _______ ________.
_____ _________ ________ _____ ___ _______ ________ ____ ____ _________ _________ _______.
_____ _________ _______ ____ _________ _____.
__________ _____ _________ _________ ______ _________.
_______ _______ _______ __________ _________ ____ ________.
____ __________ _____ ____ _______ ___ ___.
___ _________ _________ _____ _________.
_________ ______ ____ _____ _____ ______ __________.
____ ____ ____ ______ _______ ___ _______ _________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp